While industrial estate development can be beneficial to the countries and their residents’ overall economic growth, it may have negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems due to changes in land use and urbanization to accommodate expanding industrial sectors. The decline in biodiversity can increase the risk to the ecosystem’s balance in the area, affecting the abundance of natural resources that are the main raw materials of business operations, such as water, and the overall quality of the environment, as well as the quality of life of stakeholders who live in the area and make use of nature.
The Company has an opportunity to transform the industrial estate into a city that strikes a balance between economic growth with social and environmental conservation. This will allow the industrial sector to coexist harmoniously with the surrounding communities. The conservation of the quality and balance of biodiversity will ensure the sustainable handover of sufficient resources vital to the economic, social, and environmental quality of life of the stakeholders to the next generation.
As a result, it established a Biodiversity Policy with the objective of preventing damage and mitigating the impact on biodiversity in AMATA Industrial Estates, as well as supporting and promoting stakeholders in the area to jointly nurture, rehabilitate, and conserve biodiversity in its three AMATA Industrial Estates.
According to the Town Planning Act (B.E. 2562, 2019), AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate, AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate, and AMATA Smart City Chonburi Industrial Estate are located in industrial zones; within a 5-kilometer radius, there are no important ecosystem areas that have been established both nationally and internationally or conservation areas and protected areas that have been announced by government agencies on natural resources and the environment.
However, the Company’s three industrial estate developments may have a negative impact on biodiversity, which can occur both directly and indirectly, such as through changes in land use patterns, the expansion of surrounding communities, the pollution caused by various activities in the industrial estates, including the impact caused by the Company’s suppliers and contractors, etc. These impacts can occur from the initial stage of site development until the industrial estate is fully operational.
The Company has continuously conserved and rehabilitated biodiversity in AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate, AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate, and AMATA Smart City Chonburi Industrial Estate through the environmental rehabilitation project, green area expansion, and conservation of native freshwater species in the community to mitigate the risk of negative impact on biodiversity according to the concept of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) regarding biodiversity offset under the IUCN’s Biodiversity Mitigation Hierarchy, which consists of four approaches, i.e. Avoidance, Minimization, Rehabilitation / Restoration and Compensation or Offset.
As a result, the Company has initiated the following projects to avoid and mitigate any negative effects, including restoration and remedy for negative effects, that may result from its operations in AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate, AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate, and AMATA Smart City Chonburi Industrial Estate.
The Company aims to develop green areas within the three AMATA industrial estates to be a livable city with a good environment that promotes a better quality of life for workers in the industrial estates. The Company has set a target to have green areas at least 10 percent of the total developed area. The Company has prepared a master plan and determined green area development within AMATA industrial estates annually to continuously restore green areas in AMATA industrial estates. It defines types of plants based on forest types in Chonburi and Rayong provinces, according to the Royal Forest Department. Most terrestrial forests in Chonburi and Rayong are mixed-deciduous forests and dry evergreen forests.
The total project area of AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate is 19,601 rai (3,136 hectare), with a total developed area of 17,891 rai (2,862 hectare) and a total green area of 2,109 rai (337 hectare), representing 11.79% of the developed area. In 2023, the Company planted approximately 2,050 trees in AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate to develop green areas out of unusable land, as well as perennial planting to replace dead seedings and landscape enhancements. The survival rate of the seeding was 80%. The trees planted are entirely composed of local perennial species found in Chonburi province. According to the Royal Forest Department report, these trees are categorized as mixed-deciduous and dry evergreen species that are tolerant of saline soil conditions, such as Siamese Rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis), Gurjan (Dipterocarpus alatus), Bungor (Lagerstroemia calyculata), Horse Cassia (Cassia grandis), Kalamona (Cassia surattensis), Yellow poinciana (Peltophorum pterocarpum), Thai crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia speciosa), Trumpet Tree (Dolichandrone serrulata), Broad-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), Burmese Padauk (Pterocarpus macrocarpas), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), and Manila tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce), etc.
The total project area of AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate is 17,898 rai (2,864 hectare), with a total developed area of 15,390 rai (2,462 hectare) and a total green area of 1,600 rai (256 hectare), representing 10.40% of the developed area. In 2023, the Company planted 3,000 trees in AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate with a survival rate of 85%, whereas the dead plants are continuously replaced. The trees planted are entirely composed of local perennial species found in Rayong province. According to the Royal Forest Department report, these trees are categorized as mixed-deciduous and dry evergreen species, such as Afzelia burl (Afzelia xylocarpa), Java Plum (Eugenia cumini), Gurjan (Dipterocarpus alatus), White Meranti (Shorea roxburghii), Bungor (Lagerstroemia calyculata), Thai copper pod (Senna siamea), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), Queen’s Flower (Lagerstroemia speciosa), and Broad-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), etc.
The total project area of AMATA Smart City Chonburi Industrial Estate is 8,227 rai (1,316 hectares). The development of this new industrial estate area commenced in 2023, with a total developed area of 5,354 rai (856 hectares). Within this developed area, 630 rai (100 hectares) are designated as green areas, representing 11.76% of the total developed area. Industrial estate developments are ongoing at present.
In collaboration with factory operators in the AMATA Industrial Estates, the Company has initiated projects to revitalize abandoned public areas into community forests by planting local perennial plants in the degraded forest areas of the industrial estates. For instance, in the "Forest for Life" project spanning from 2019 to 2023, the Company partnered with Tokai Rika (Thailand) Co., Ltd. to reforest a 12-rai public area in AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate. In 2023, 5,800 trees were planted on 3 rai of land, and a total of 23,200 trees were planted on 9 rai of land over the project period.
Moreover, the Company has partnered with the AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate Office and the Bang Lamung Forest Conservation and Development Unit to launch the "Green Expansion and Natural Resource Conservation Cooperation Project (Community Forest Planting)" in the Bang Lamung National Reserved Forest, Moo 1, Khao Mai Kaeo Subdistrict, Bang Lamung District, Chonburi Province.
This activity focuses on developing industrial estates in line with the Eco-Industrial Town concept, aiming to create an industrial community that coexists harmoniously with surrounding communities. This initiative aims to extend the development efforts beyond the industrial estate to the neighboring community, guided by the principle of collaborative engagement with all stakeholders. Over 300 volunteer employees and community members have participated in planting 2,000 trees of indigenous species like Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), Thai copper pod (Senna siamea), Siamese neem tree (Azadirachta indica), and Bullet wood (Mimusops elengi), fostering green spaces for the community forest in the years ahead.
This community forest planting activity has been ongoing for three consecutive years at the AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate. During the first and second years, a total of 4,000 trees were planted in the area around Phu Sai Reservoir, located in Moo 5, Khao Mai Kaew Subdistrict, Bang Lamung District, Chonburi Province.
In 2023, the Company, in collaboration with the AMATA City Chonburi Industrial Estate Office and over 30 companies within the industrial estate, organized a fish release and mangrove planting event for the second consecutive year. This event was held to honor Her Majesty Queen Sirikit, the Queen Mother, on her 91st birthday. Over 20,000 fish were released, and more than 1,000 mangrove trees were planted at the Mangrove Conservation Learning Center in Khlong Tamru Subdistrict, Chonburi Province. This initiative serves not only to enrich natural resources but also to diversify fish species, providing future food sources and livelihoods for the community.
AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate is in the middle of a watershed, the Phu Sai Stream, which flows from the Khao Mai Kaeo watershed and runs through the industrial estate before reaching the Dok Krai Reservoir, which is a large reservoir with a capacity of over 79 million cubic meters and an area of more than 1,300 rai (2.08 square kilometers) in Rayong province. Although Dok Krai Reservoir is located outside the radius of 5 kilometers from AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate, it is an area that is important in terms of freshwater ecosystems and an important economic source for the community because it is a nursery for aquatic animals and local fishing areas for more than 500 households in Nikhom Phatthana district. This poses a threat to aquatic species, a significant part of the community's traditional means of subsistence, and is prompting surrounding populations to be concerned about potential effects on water quality.
As a result, the Company collaborates with the Rayong Provincial Fisheries and Freshwater Fisheries Resource Management Group at Dok Krai Reservoir, a community committee that oversees and controls reservoir utilization. Additionally, the Company works with various alliance groups, such as local authorities and factory operators in AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate, to develop the "Joint Development toward Sustainable Watershed” project. This project aims to preserve and restore water sources, including local aquatic animal species that provide a reliable source of income and food for the community and can also serve as effective water quality indicators.
2023 is the 7th consecutive year that AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate collaborated with the Dok Krai Reservoir Fishery Management Group to organize the "Sustainable Water Conservation Project and Home-building for Fish by Youth". The project aimed to educate and promote water conservation among the youth in the area. This year, students from Suankularb Wittayalai Chonburi School worked together to build "Sung" or "Fish Homes" using ropes at the Dok Krai Reservoir in Phana Nikom subdistrict, Nikom Pattana district, Rayong Province. These fish homes serve as shelters and sanctuaries for released aquatic species, improving their chances of survival. Moreover, this initiative contributes to the biodiversity of species and the population of aquatic life in the vicinity of the fish homes. Consequently, the youth become more conscious of the ecosystem stewardship of water sources and take pride in contributing to the sustainable conservation of local natural resources.
Furthermore, AMATA City Rayong Company Limited and AMATA U Company Limited, in collaboration with the Dok Krai Reservoir Fisheries Resource Management Group, Rayong Provincial Fisheries Office, and the Phana Nikhom Subdistrict Administrative Organization, organized the "Sustainable Water Resource Conservation (Fish Stocking) Project" to promote tripartite cooperation in conserving natural resources among the government, private sector, and local communities at the Dok Krai Reservoir, Rayong Province. This project involved over 300 volunteer employees from both inside and outside the industrial estate, as well as members of the community. Together, they released over 230,000 fish, including Chinese carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Indian carp (Labeo calbasu), Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus), Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy), and more than 150,000 Giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). These species are native to the Dok Krai Reservoir and have been surveyed and identified by the Rayong Provincial Fisheries Office. Since the project's inception until 2023, the companies have released a total of over 2,530,000 fish and have continuously constructed fish homes, called "Sung,” using ropes, to provide shelters and increase survival opportunities for the released aquatic species, while also enhancing biodiversity in the fish home area in terms of both species and population.
In addition to preserving local species and increasing the number of aquatic animals in Dok Krai Reservoir, these activities have increased community confidence in the quality of water flowing through AMATA City Rayong Industrial Estate, which the Company has effectively managed, controlled, and monitored. In the future, the Company plans to conduct surveys on the diversity of aquatic animals in the Dok Krai Reservoir area in collaboration with Rayong Province Fisheries and the Dok Krai Reservoir Freshwater Fisheries Resource Management Group. This information will be used as basic information for biodiversity conservation efforts and future water quality assessments.
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